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15 “You are to make a breastpiece for use in making decisions,[a] the work of an artistic designer; you are to make it in the same fashion as the ephod; you are to make it of gold, blue, purple, scarlet, and fine twisted linen. 16 It is to be square[b] when[c] doubled, nine inches[d] long and nine inches wide. 17 You are to set in it a setting for stones, four rows of stones, a row with a ruby, a topaz, and a beryl—the first row;

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Footnotes

  1. Exodus 28:15 tn Heb “a breastpiece of decision” (חֹשֶׁן מִשְׁפָּט, khoshen mishpat; so NAB). The first word, rendered “breastpiece,” is of uncertain etymology. This item was made of material similar to the ephod. It had four rows of three gems on it, bearing the names of the tribes. In it were the urim and thummim. J. P. Hyatt refers to a similar object found in the Egyptian reliefs, including even the twisted gold chains used to hang it from the priest (Exodus [NCBC], 282).
  2. Exodus 28:16 tn Heb “four.”
  3. Exodus 28:16 tn “when” is added for clarification (U. Cassuto, Exodus, 375).
  4. Exodus 28:16 tn The word זֶרֶת (zeret) is half a cubit; it is often translated “span.”